Battle of Philiphaugh

The date was September 13, 1645.  James Graham, representing Royalist forces, fought Covenanters, under David Leslie.  The day tilted in favor of Leslie. Sir Walter Scott collected the following ballad on this battle in his “Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border”:

THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.

On Philiphaugh a fray began,
At Hairhead wood it ended;
The Scots out o'er the Graemes they ran,
Sae merrily they bended.
Sir David frae the border came,
Wi' heart an' hand came he;
Wi' him three thousand bonny Scotts,
To bear him company.
Wi' him three thousand valiant men,
A noble sight to see!
A cloud o' mist them weel concealed,
As close as e'er might be.
When they came to the Shaw burn,
Said he, "Sae weel we frame,
"I think it is convenient,
"That we should sing a psalm."
When they came to the Lingly burn,
As day-light did appear,
They spy'd an aged father,
And he did draw them near.
"Come hither, aged father!"
Sir David he did cry,
"And tell me where Montrose lies,
"With all his great army."
"But, first, you must come tell to me,
"If friends or foes you be;
"I fear you are Montrose's men,
"Come frae the north country."
"No, we are nane o' Montrose's men,
"Nor e'er intend to be;
"I am sir David Lesly,
"That's speaking unto thee."
"If you're sir David Lesly,
"As I think weel ye be,
"I'm sorry ye hae brought so few
"Into your company.
"There's fifteen thousand armed men,
"Encamped on yon lee;
"Ye'll never be a bite to them,
"For aught that I can see.
"But, halve your men in equal parts,
"Your purpose to fulfil;
"Let ae half keep the water side,
"The rest gae round the hill.
"Your nether party fire must,
"Then beat a flying drum;
"And then they'll think the day's their ain,
"And frae the trench they'll come.
"Then, those that are behind them maun
"Gie shot, baith grit and sma';
"And so, between your armies twa,
"Ye may make them to fa'."
"O were ye ever a soldier?"
Sir David Lesly said;
"O yes; I was at Solway flow,
"Where we were all betray'd.
"Again I was at curst Dunbar,
"And was a pris'ner ta'en;
"And many weary night and day,
"In prison I hae lien."
"If ye will lead these men aright,
"Rewarded shall ye be;
"But, if that ye a traitor prove,
"I'll hang thee on a tree."
"Sir, I will not a traitor prove;
"Montrose has plundered me;
"I'll do my best to banish him
"Away frae this country."
He halv'd his men in equal parts,
His purpose to fulfill;
The one part kept the water side,
The other gaed round the hill.
The nether party fired brisk,
Then turn'd and seem'd to rin;
And then they a' came frae the trench,
And cry'd, "the day's our ain!"
The rest then ran into the trench,
And loos'd their cannons a':
And thus, between his armies twa,
He made them fast to fa'.
Now, let us a' for Lesly pray,
And his brave company!
For they hae vanquish'd great Montrose,
Our cruel enemy.

Battle of Otterburn

The Battle of Otterburn was fought on August 5, 1388.  The fight was initiated by James, the 2^nd Earl Douglas, against an English force under Henry “Hotspur” Percy.  Douglas’ side won, but the battle cost him, and Scotland, his life. 

Sir Walter Scott collected a ballad titled “Battle of Otterbourne” in his “Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border”:

  It fell about the Lammas tide,

  When the muir-men win their hay,

  The doughty earl of Douglas rode

  Into England, to catch a prey.

  He chose the Gordons and the Graemes,

  With them the Lindesays, light and gay;

  But the Jardines wald not with him ride,

  And they rue it to this day.

  And he has burn'd the dales of Tyne,

  And part of Bambrough shire;

  And three good towers on Roxburgh fells,

  He left them all on fire.

  And he march'd up to Newcastle,

  And rode it round about;

  "O wha's the lord of this castle,

  "Or wha's the lady o't?"

  But up spake proud Lord Percy, then,

  And O but he spake hie!

  "I am the lord of this castle,

  "My wife's the lady gay."

  "If thou'rt the lord of this castle,

  "Sae weel it pleases me!

  "For, ere I cross the border fells,

  "The tane of us shall die."

  He took a lang spear in his hand.

  Shod with the metal free,

  And for to meet the Douglas there,

  He rode right furiouslie.

  But O how pale his lady look'd,

  Frae aff the castle wa',

  When down, before the Scottish spear,

  She saw proud Percy fa',

  "Had we twa been upon the green,

  "And never an eye to see,

  I wad hae had you, flesh and fell;

  "But your sword sall gae wi' me."

  "But gae ye up to Otterbourne,

  "And wait there dayis three;

  And, if I come not ere three dayis end,

  "A fause knight ca' ye me."

  "The Otterbourne's a bonnie burn;

  "'Tis pleasant there to be;

  "But there is nought at Otterbourne,

  "To feed my men and me.

  "The deer rins wild on hill and dale,

  "The birds fly wild from tree to tree;

  "But there is neither bread nor kale,

  "To fend my men and me.

  "Yet I will stay at Otterbourne,

  "Where you shall welcome be;

  "And, if ye come not at three dayis end,

  "A fause lord I'll ca' thee."

  "Thither will I come," proud Percy said,

  "By the might of Our Ladye!"--

  "There will I bide thee," said the Douglas,

  "My trowth I plight to thee."

  They lighted high on Otterbourne,

  Upon the bent sae brown;

  They lighted high on Otterbourne,

  And threw their pallions down.

  And he that had a bonnie boy,

  Sent out his horse to grass;

  And he that had not a bonnie boy,

  His ain servant he was.

  But up then spake a little page,

  Before the peep of dawn--

  "O waken ye, waken ye, my good lord,

  "For Percy's hard at hand."

  "Ye lie, ye lie, ye liar loud!

  "Sae loud I hear ye lie:

  For Percy had not men yestreen,

  "To dight my men and me."

  "But I hae dream'd a dreary dream,

  "Beyond the Isle of Sky;

  "I saw a dead man win a fight,

  "And I think that man was I."

  He belted on his good braid sword,

  And to the field he ran;

  But he forgot the helmet good,

  That should have kept his brain.

  When Percy wi' the Douglas met,

  I wat he was fu' fain!

  They swakked their swords, till sair they swat,

  And the blood ran down like rain.

  But Percy, with his good broad sword,

  That could so sharply wound,

  Has wounded Douglas on the brow,

  Till he fell to the ground.

  Then he call'd on his little foot-page.

  And said--"Run speedilie,

  "And fetch my ain dear sister's son,

  "Sir Hugh Montgomery."

  "My nephew good," the Douglas said,

  "What recks the death of ane!

  "Last night I dream'd a dreary dream,

  "And I ken the day's thy ain,

  "My wound is deep; I fain would sleep;

  "Take thou the vanguard of the three,

  "And hide me by the braken bush,

  "That grows on yonder lilye lee,

  "O bury me by the braken bush,

  "Beneath the blooming briar;

  "Let never living mortal ken,

  "That ere a kindly Scot lies here."

  He lifted up that noble lord,

  Wi' the saut tear in his e'e;

  He hid him in the braken bush,

  That his merrie men might not see.

  The moon was clear, the day drew near,

  The spears in flinders flew,

  But mony a gallant Englishman,

  Ere day the Scotsmen slew.

  The Gordons good, in English blood,

  They steep'd their hose and shoon;

  The Lindsays flew like fire about,

  Till all the fray was done.

  The Percy and Montgomery met,

  That either of other were fain;

  They swapped swords, and they twa swat,

  And aye the blude ran down between.

  "Yield thee, O yield thee, Percy!" he said,

  "Or else I vow I'll lay thee low!"

  "Whom to shall I yield," said Earl Percy,

  "Now that I see it must be so?"

  "Thou shalt not yield to lord nor loun,

  "Nor yet shalt thou yield to me;

  "But yield thee to the braken bush,

  "That grows upon yon lilye lee!"

  "I will not yield to a braken bush,

  "Nor yet will I yield to a briar;

  But I would yield to Earl Douglas,

  "Or Sir Hugh the Montgomery, if he were here."

  As soon as he knew it was Montgomery,

  He stuck his sword's point in the gronde;

  And the Montgomery was a courteous knight,

  And quickly took him by the honde.

  This deed was done at Otterbourne,

  About the breaking of the day;

  Earl Douglas was buried at the braken bush,

  And the Percy led captive away.

Battle of Killiecrankie

‘Claverhouse's sword (a strait cut-and-thrust blade) is in the possession

of Lord Woodhouselee. In Pennycuik-house is preserved the buff-coat,

which he wore at the battle of Killicrankie. The fatal shot-hole is

under the arm-pit, so that the ball must have been received while his

arm was raised to direct the pursuit However he came by his charm of

proof, he certainly had not worn the garment usually supposed to

confer that privilege, and which is called _the waistcoat of proof, or

of necessity. It was thus made: "On Christmas daie, at night, a thread

must be sponne of flax, by a little virgine girle, in the name of the

divell: and it must be by her woven, and also wrought with the needle.

In the breast, or forepart thereof, must be made with needle work, two

heads; on the head, at the right side, must be a hat and a long beard;

the left head must have on a crown, and it must be so horrible that it

maie resemble Belzebub; and on each side of the wastcote must be made a

crosse."--SCOTT'S _Discoverie of Witchcraft,_ p. 231.’

The notes to Sir Walter Scott’s “Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border" contain the note above, which references one of the outcomes of the Battle of Killiecrankie, which ended on July 27, 1689 – namely that John Graham of Claverhouse was fatally wounded.  Despite the victory, Claverhouse’s death was a blow to the Jacobite cause.

Treaty of Edinburgh

On July 6, 1560, the Treaty of Edinburgh was signed, between Elizabeth I of England and France.  This treaty ended the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France, and of more direct import, the Siege of Leith, which had begun the previous year.  French troops, which had been encamped at Leith for twelve years, removed from Scotland permanently at this point.

Sir Walter Scott makes a comment in the introduction to his "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border" regarding Leith:

'The flame of reformation, long stifled in Scotland, now burst forth, with the violence of a volcanic eruption. The siege of Leith was commenced, by the combined forces of the Congregation and of England. The borderers cared little about speculative points of religion; but they shewed themselves much interested in the treasures which passed through their country, for payment of the English forces at Edinburgh. Much alarm was excited, lest the marchers should intercept these weighty protestant arguments; and it was, probably, by voluntarily imparting a share in them to Lord Home, that he became a sudden convert to the new faith.'

William Julius Mickle

'On Monday, June 14, and Tuesday, 15, Dr. Johnson and I dined, on one of them, I forget which, with Mr. Mickle, translator of the Lusiad, at Wheatley, a very pretty country place a few miles from Oxford; and on the other with Dr. Wetherell, Master of University College. ....'

This entry from Boswell's "Life of Johnson" was took place in the year Johnson died; 1784.  “The Lusiad or The Discovery of India" was an epic poem written by Luis de Camoes.  Mickle dedicated his 1776 translation to a friend of Sir Walter Scott’s - Henry Scott, the 3^rd Duke of Buccleuch.

My Lord,
The first idea of offering my Lusiad to some distinguished personage, inspired the earnest wish, that it might be accepted by the illustrious representative of that family under which my father, for many years, discharged the duties of a clergyman.

Both the late Duke of Buccleugh, and the Earl of Dalkeith, distinguished him by particular marks of their favour; and I must have forgotten him, if I could have wished to offer the first Dedication of my literary labours to any other than the Duke of Buccleugh.

I am, with the greatest respect,
My Lord,
Your Grace's most devoted
And most obedient humble servant,

WILLIAM JULIUS MICKLE

Sir Walter Scott mentions Mickle in his Introductory Remarks on Popular Poetry, in the 1830 publication of his “Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border”:

 ‘Of Ritson's own talents as an editor of ancient poetry, we shall have occasion to speak hereafter. The first collector who followed the example of Dr. Purr, was Mr. T. Evans, bookseller, father of the gentleman we have just quoted. His 'Old Ballads, historical narrative, with some of modern date, appeared in two volumes, in 1777, and were eminently successful. In 1T84, a. second edition appeared, extending the work to four volumes. In this collection many ballads found acceptance, which Bishop Percy had not considered as possessing sufficient merit to claim admittance into the Reliques The 8vo. Miscellany of 1723 yielded a great part of  the materials. The collection of Evans contained several modern pieces of great merit, which are not to be found elsewhere, and which are understood to be the productions of William Julius Mickle, translator of the Lusiad, though they were never claimed by him, nor received among his works. Amongst them is the elegiac poem of Cumnor Hall, which suggested the fictitious narrative entitled Kenilworth. The Red-Cross Knight, also by Mickle, which has furnished words for a beautiful glee, first occurred in the same collection. As Mickle, with a vein of great facility, united a power of verbal melody which might have been envied by bards of much greater renown, he must be considered as very successful in these efforts, if the ballads be regarded as avowedly modern. If they are to be judged of as accurate imitations of ancient poetry, they have less merit: the deception being only maintained by a huge store of double consonants, strewed at random into ordinary words, resembling the real fashion of antiquity as little as the niches, turrets, and tracery of plaster stuck upon a modern front.’

Scott dedicated this publication to the 5^th Duke of Buccleuch, Walter Francis Montagu Douglas Scott:

TO HIS GRACE
WALTER FRANCIS MONTAGU DOUGLAS SCOTT,

DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH AND QUEENSBERRY,

&c. &c. &c. My Lord Duke,

In inscribing these volumes* to your Grace, I am fortunately emancipated from the necessity of intruding upon you the commonplace subjects of dedication. Most of these Poems have been long before the public, and were inscribed, at the time of their publication, to the various excellent persons nearly connected with your Grace, whose names they retain. I am, therefore, well aware, that these compositions, of little intrinsic value in themselves, will, like other memorials of dear friends, who have been removed from the world, claim some value in your Grace's estimation, from the names of their former patrons.

May your Grace live long to exercise the virtues of your predecessors, whose duties you inherit along with their rank and possessions. Such is the sincere wish of, My Lord Duke,

Your Grace's early Friend,

And much obliged humble Servant,

WALTER SCOTT. Abbotsford, April 3, 1830.

Out of Exile

‘But our brave young king is now come home,
King Charles the Second in degree;

The Lord send peace into his time,
And God preserve his majestie! ‘ 

The text above is from “The Gallant Grahams”, which is included in Sir Walter Scott’s “Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border”.  On May 25^th, 1660, Samuel Pepys, in his diary, records arriving in England with Charles II and Charles’ brother James, Duke of York. The Stuart brothers were returning from their exile in the Netherlands.

‘By the morning we were come close to the land, and every body made ready to get on shore. The King and the two Dukes did eat their breakfast before they went, and there being set some ship’s diet before them, only to show them the manner of the ship’s diet, they eat of nothing else but pease and pork, and boiled beef. I had Mr. Darcy in my cabin and Dr. Clerke, who eat with me, told me how the King had given 50l. to Mr. Sheply for my Lord’s servants, and 500l. among the officers and common men of the ship. I spoke with the Duke of York about business, who called me Pepys by name, and upon my desire did promise me his future favour. Great expectation of the King’s making some Knights, but there was none. About noon (though the brigantine that Beale made was there ready to carry him) yet he would go in my Lord’s barge with the two Dukes. Our Captain steered, and my Lord went along bare with him. I went, and Mr. Mansell, and one of the King’s footmen, with a dog that the King loved,1 (which [dirted] the boat, which made us laugh, and me think that a King and all that belong to him are but just as others are), in a boat by ourselves, and so got on shore when the King did, who was received by General Monk with all imaginable love and respect at his entrance upon the land of Dover. Infinite the crowd of people and the horsemen, citizens, and noblemen of all sorts. The Mayor of the town came and gave him his white staff, the badge of his place, which the King did give him again. The Mayor also presented him from the town a very rich Bible, which he took and said it was the thing that he loved above all things in the world. A canopy was provided for him to stand under, which he did, and talked awhile with General Monk and others, and so into a stately coach there set for him, and so away through the town towards Canterbury, without making any stay at Dover. The shouting and joy expressed by all is past imagination. Seeing that my Lord did not stir out of his barge, I got into a boat, and so into his barge, whither Mr. John Crew stepped, and spoke a word or two to my Lord, and so returned, we back to the ship, and going did see a man almost drowned that fell out of his boat into the sea, but with much ado was got out. My Lord almost transported with joy that he had done all this without any the least blur or obstruction in the world, that could give an offence to any, and with the great honour he thought it would be to him. Being overtook by the brigantine, my Lord and we went out of our barge into it, and so went on board with Sir W. Batten, and the Vice and Rear-Admirals. At night my Lord supped and Mr. Thomas Crew with Captain Stoakes, I supped with the Captain, who told me what the King had given us. My Lord returned late, and at his coming did give me order to cause the marke to be gilded, and a Crown and C. R. to be made at the head of the coach table, where the King to-day with his own hand did mark his height, which accordingly I caused the painter to do, and is now done as is to be seen.’

Battle of Langside

‘To the death of Henry Darnley, it is said, some of the Border lords were privy. But the subsequent marriage, betwixt the Queen and Bothwell, alienated from her the affections of the chieftains of the Marches, most of whom aided the association of the insurgent barons. A few gentlemen of the Merse, however, joined the army which Mary brought to Carberry-hill. But no one was willing to fight for the detested Bothwell, nor did Bothwell himself show any inclination to put his person in jeopardy. The result to Mary was a rigorous captivity in Lochleven Castle; and the name of Bothwell scarcely again pollutes the page of Scottish history.



The distress of a beautiful and afflicted princess softened the hearts of her subjects: and when she escaped from her severe captivity, the most powerful barons in Scotland crowded around her standard. Among these were many of the West Border men under the Lords Maxwell and Herries. But the defeat at Langside was a death-blow to her interest in Scotland.’

The text above, from the introduction to Walter Scott’s “Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border”, describes the end, for Mary Queen of Scots, of her efforts to reclaim her forfeit crown. She had escaped from Lochleven Castle, but The Battle of Langside, fought on May 13, 1568 reduced Mary’s military support such that It could not overcome the power of the regent, James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray. Mary escaped from this battle, but had to leave Scotland forever.

Unhorsed

On March 19, 1286 (OS), King Alexander III of Scotland died.  His death was caused by a broken neck, suffered while riding to Fife to visit his new queen, Yolande of Dreux.  Wife number two, it was hoped, would provide a replacement heir for the children Alexander had recently lost; Margaret, Alexander, and David all preceded him to the grave.  Walter Scott includes this historical note on Alexander (in a section on Sir Patrick Spens) in his "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border":


'Alexander III. of Scotland died in 1286; and, for the misfortune of his country, as well as his own, he had been bereaved of all his children before his decease. The crown of Scotland descended upon his grand-daughter, Margaret, termed, by our historians, the Maid of Norway. She was the only offspring of a marriage betwixt Eric, King of Norway, and Margaret, daughter of Alexander III. The kingdom had oeen secured to her by the Parliament of Scotland held at Scone, the year preceding her grandfather's death. The regency of Scotland entered into a congress with the ministers of the King of Norway, and with those of England, for the establishment of good order in the kingdom of the infant Princess. Shortly afterwards, Edward I. conceived the idea of matching his eldest son, Edward, Prince of Wales, with the young Queen of Scotland. The plan was eagerly embraced by the Scottish nobles; for, at that time, there was little of the national animosity, which afterwards blazed betwixt the countries, and they patriotically looked forward to the important advantage of uniting the island of Britain into one kingdom. But Eric of Norway seems to have been unwilling to deliver up his daughter: and, while the negotiations were thus protracted. the death of the Maid of Norway effectually crushed a scheme, the consequences of which might have been, that the distinction betwixt England and Scotland would, in our day. have been as obscure and uninteresting as that of the realms of the heptarchy. — Hailes Annals. Fordun, &c.'

Battle of Ancrum Moor

The Battle of Ancrum Moor, which occurred on February 27, 1545, is well covered in Notes on the Eve of St. John, in Walter Scott's "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border". The note, some of which is contained below, discusses the actions of Lords Ralph Evers (or Eure) and Brian Latoun (or Layton), and how these actions pushed the people in the area to seek the security of King Henry VIII.  Scottish Earls Arran and Angus - James Hamilton and Archibald Douglas - turned this day into a Scottish victory, with Evers and Latoun both being slain.

'In 1545, Lord Evers and Latoun again entered Scotland, with an army consisting of 3000 mercenaries, 1500 English Borderers, and 700 assured Scottishmen, chiefly Armstrongs, Turnbulls, and other broken clans. In this second incursion, the English generals even exceeded their former cruelty. Evers burned the tower of Broomhouse, with its lady (a noble and aged woman, says Lesley), and her whole family. The English penetrated as far as Melrose, which they had destroyed last year, and which they now again pillaged. As they returned towards Jedburgh, they were followed by Angus, at the head of 1000 horse, who was shortly after joined by the famous Norman Lesley, with a body of Fife-men. The English, being probably unwilling to cross the Teviot, while the Scots hung upon their rear, halted upon Ancrum Moor, above the village of that name; and the Scottish general was deliberating whether to advance or retire, when Sir Walter Scott (1), of Buccleuch, came up at full speed, with a small, but chosen body of his retainers, the rest of whom were near at hand. By the advice of this experienced warrior (to whose conduct Pitscottie and Buchanan ascribe the success of the engagement), Angus withdrew from the height which he occupied, and drew up his forces behind it, upon a piece of low flat ground, called Panier-heugh, or Paniel-heugh. The spare horses being sent to an eminence in their rear, appeared to the English to be the main body of the Scots, in the act of flight. Under this persuasion, Evers and Latoun hurried precipitately forwards, and, having ascended the hill, which their foes had abandoned, were no less dismayed, than astonished, to find the phalanx of Scottish spearmen drawn up, in firm array, upon the flat ground below. The Scots in their turn became the assailants. A heron, roused from the marshes by the tumult, soared away betwixt the encountering armies: 'Oh!' exclaimed Angus, 'that I had here my white goss-hawk, that we might all yoke at once !'—Godscroft. The English, breathless and fatigued, having the setting sun and wind full in their faces, were unable to withstand the resolute and desperate charge of the Scottish lances. No sooner had they begun to waver, than their own allies, the assured Borderers, who had been waiting the event, threw aside their red crosses, and, joining their countrymen, made a most merciless slaughter among the English fugitives, the pursuers calling upon each other to 'remember Broomhouse !'—Lesley, p. 478.


In the battle fell Lord Evers, and his son, together with Sir Brian Latoun, and 800 Englishmen, many of whom were persons of rank. A thousand prisoners were taken. Among these was a patriotic alderman of London, Read by name, who, having contumaciously refused to pay his portion of a benevolence demanded from the city by Henry viii., was sent by royal authority to serve against the Scots. These, at settling his ransom, he found still more exorbitant in their exactions than the monarch.—Redpath's Border History, p. 563.


Evers was much regretted by King Henry, who swore to avenge his death upon Angus, against whom he conceived himself to have particular grounds of resentment, on account of favours received by the Earl at his hands. The answer of Angus was worthy of a Douglas: 'Is our brother-in-law offended,'' said he, 'that I, as a good Scotsman, have avenged my ravaged country, and the defaced tombs of my ancestors, upon Ralph Evers? They were better men than he, and I was bound to do no less—and will he take my life for that? Little knows King Henry the skirts of Kirnetable (2):' I can keep myself there against all his English host.'—Godscroft.


Such was the noted battle of Ancrum Moor. The spot, on which it was fought, is called Lilyard's Edge, from an Amazonian Scottish woman of that name, who is reported, by tradition, to have distinguished herself in the same manner as Squire Witherington (3). The old people point out her monument, now broken and defaced. The inscription is said to have been legible within this century, and to have run thus:—

'Fair maiden Lylliard lies under this stane,
Little was her stature, but great was her fame;
Upon the English louns she laid mony thumps,
And, when her legs were cutted off, she fought upon her stumps.'


-Vide Account of the Parish of Melrose.

(1) The Editor has found no instance upon record, of this family having taken assurance with England. Hence, they usually suffered dreadfully from the English forays. In August 1544 (the year preceding the battle), the whole lands belonging to Buccleuch, in West Teviotdale, were harried by Evers; the outworks, or barm-kin, of the tower of Branxholm burned; eight Scotts slain, thirty made prisoners, and an immense prey of horses, cattle, and sheep carried off. The lands upon Kale Water, belonging to the same chieftain, were also plundered, and much spoil obtained; 30 Scotts slain, and the Moss Tower (a fortress near Eokford), smoked very sore. Thus Buccleuch had a long account to settle at Ancrum Moor.—Murdin's State Papers, pp. 45, 46.


(2) Kirnetable, now called Cairntable, is a mountainous tract at the head of Douglasdale. [See notes to Castle Dangerous.— J. G. L.]



(3) [See 'Chevy Chase.'—J. G. L.]'